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Conclusions
Results show that conventional size designations often provide no useful clinical indications of dimensions and shape of conventional root canal pluggers. Moreover instruments with the same nominal size designation can be very different in diameter and taper among the various brands. A great choice of different pluggers is available,but their great dimensional disparity can also be misleading. To alleviate some of the above-mentioned problems a new system of sizing, which allows the user to know what the tip dimensions and taper are (ANSI/ADA Specification no.71 for root canal filling condensers) , is now available.It makes possible comparison of different brands of instruments and evaluation against the newly estabilished standards. Moreover clinicians who are aware of dimensions of root canal pluggers can logically select those condensers which seem to be ideally suited for use with their root canal preparation and obturation techniques.

Plugger D0 D3 D7 D12,5 D16 Taper
D16-D3 		Taper
D3-D0

A 3

0,293 0,347 0,435 0,573 0,669 25 18
A 4 0,392 0,486 0,615 0,745 0,834 27 31
B 8 0,454 0,516 0,666 0,863 0,953 34 21

C 8

0,411 0,534 0,668 0,846 0,971 34 41
A 5 0,515 0,582 0,680 0,803 0,930 27 22

B 8 1/2

0,516 0,622 0,785 0,898 1,044 32 35
C 8 1/2 0,453 0,558 0,667 0,803 0,919 (*) 28 35
A 6 0,617 0,689 0,812 0,98O 1,063 29 24
B 9 0,659 0,743 0,902 1,052 1,140 30 28
C 9 0,536 0,666 0,791 0,931 1,022 27 43
A 7 0,663 0,720 0,819 0,981 1,070 27 27
B 9 1/2 0,674 0,722 0,798 0,885 0,947 (*) 17 16
C 9 1/2 0,641 0,700 0,784 0,960 0,985 (*) 22 20
A 8 0,801 0,826 0,897 1,013 1,074 19 8
B10 0,814 0,891 1,023 1,163 1,245 27 26
C10 0,818 0,843 0,902 1,000 1,O52 16 8
A 9 0,906 0,950 1,034 1,110 1,172 17 15
B10 1/2 0,913 0,990 1,141 1,262 1,348 27 26
C10 1/2 0,889 0,920 0,978 1,044 1,093 13 10
A10 1,023 1,064 1,124 1,197 1,251 14 14
A11 1,107 1,120 1,200 1,246 1,293 13 4
B11 1,070 1,130 1,221 1,340 1,389 20 20
C11 1,020 1,049 1,079 1,120 1,145 7 10
A12 1,160 1,190 1,255 1,310 1,324 10 10
B11 1/2 1,303 1,348 1,422 1,553 1,610 20 15
C11 1/2 1,103 1,119 1,138 1,150 1,167 4 5
B12 1,471 1,516 1,596 1,688 1,767 19 16
C12 1,200 1,210 1,209 1,209 1,213 - 3


Table 1: Diameters and taper of root canal pluggers.
Diameters in millimeters. Taper in thousandths of millimeters.

Plugger D0 D3 D7 D12,5 D16 Taper
D16-D3 		Taper
D3-D0
D 1 0,409 0,477 0,572 0,699 0,777 23 23
E 1 0,527 0,616 0,753 0,887 1,001 30 30
D 2 0,610 0,667 0,758 0,876 0,964 23 19
E 2 0,737 0,794 0,891 1,062 1,126 25 19
D 3 0,807 0,846 0,918 1,059 1,112 20 13
E 3 0,910 0,949 1,079 1,140 1,211 20 13
D 4 1,005 1,035 1,080 1,172 1,223 14 10
E 4 1,034 1,072 1,130 1,205 1,249 14 13
E 5 1,244 1,268 1,303 1,338 1,370 08 08

Table 2: Diameters and taper of root canal pluggers.
Diameters in millimeters. Taper in thousandths of millimeters.

Brand D16-D3 D3-D0
A 20 16
B 25 22,3
C 16,8 19,4
D 20 16,2
E 19,4 16,6

Table 3: Taper (mean values)
Taper in thousandths of millimeters.

Bibliografy

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  2. Castellucci A. Endodonzia. Ed.Odontoiatriche Il Tridente,Prato 1993 pp.462-467
  3. Nguyen TN. Obturation of the root canal system. In:Cohen S, Burns RC. Pathways of the pulp. 5th ed. Mosby Year Book, St.Louis 1991 pp.193-282
  4. Buchanan S. Management of the curved root canal: predictability treating the most common endodontic complexities. Journal of California Dental Association 1989;17:40-6
  5. Lavagnoli G.La tecnica della condensazione verticale della guttaperca riscaldata secondo Schilder. In:Pecchioni A.Endodonzia. Manuale di Tecnica Operativa.IV ed. ICA Milano 1986 pp.106-133
  6. Schilder H. Guttaperca calda. Attualitą dentale 1987;19:12-21
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  8. Gambarini G,Amori P,De Marco M,Parodi C. Valutazione sperimentale di due metodiche di condensazione della guttaperca: verticale e termomeccanica. Giornale di Stomatologia e Ortognatodonzia 1990;4:97-102
  9. Testori T,Badino M,Castagnola M. Vertical root fractures in endodontically treated teeth:a clinical study. Journal of Endodontics 1993;19:87-90
  10. Ingle JI,LeVine M.The need for uniformity of endodontic instruments,equipment and filling materials. In:Grossman LI,ed. Transactions of the second international conference on endodontics. Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press 1958;234:123-42
  11. International Stardard ISO 3630. Dental root canal reamers and files. International Organization for Standardization, Genewa, Switzerland
  12. Miserendino LJ. Report submitted to ADA/ANSI Committee on Endodontists Instruments and Materials at the 42nd AAE annual meeting,San Diego 1985
  13. Malagnino VA,Gambarini G,De Luca M Indagine sulle caratteRistiche morfologiche degli spreaders. Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia 1991;3:90-91
  14. ANSI/ADA Specification No.71 for Root Canal Filling Condensers and Spreaders.

 

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